{"id":1675,"date":"2018-01-15T10:57:24","date_gmt":"2018-01-15T10:57:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/barissanli.com\/eak\/?p=1675"},"modified":"2018-01-15T10:59:44","modified_gmt":"2018-01-15T10:59:44","slug":"2018-2-hafta-degerlendirmesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/barissanli.com\/eak\/2018\/01\/2018-2-hafta-degerlendirmesi\/","title":{"rendered":"2018\/2 Hafta de\u011ferlendirmesi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz hafta, \u00c7in\u2019in karbon piyasas\u0131, artan petrol fiyatlar\u0131, ABD\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131k deniz ruhsatlar\u0131, \u00c7in\u2019in bitcoin\u2019e operasyonlar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130ki konu \u00e7ok \u00f6nemliydi, bu konuda iki akademisyenin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine yer verdim: \u00c7in\u2019in Karbon ticaret sistemi nedir ne de\u011fildir. Di\u011feri de ABD\u2019de petrol \u015firketlerine davalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Bu hukuki olarak ne anlam ta\u015f\u0131yabilir, Yale Law Journal\u2019dan.. Bu haft OPEC ve IEA ayl\u0131k raporlar\u0131 var.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6zetler<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ge\u00e7en hafta WTI %4.7 kazand\u0131, Brent %3.3. Aral\u0131k ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri petrol fiyatlar\u0131 %13 artt\u0131. Bu arada petrol sondaj kule rakamlar\u0131 10 artarak 752 ile 5 Ocak haftas\u0131n\u0131 kapatt\u0131. Bu hafta \u00c7ar\u015famba OPEC ayl\u0131k raporu, Cuma\u2019da IEA ayl\u0131k petrol piyasas raporu var.<\/p>\n<p>[FT$-<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/a49eb97c-f7f5-11e7-8715-e94187b3017e\"><span style=\"color: #1155cc;\"><u>Ge\u00e7en hafta de\u011ferlendirmesi<\/u><\/span><\/a>] \u00c7in\u2019in karbon piyasas\u0131na \u00f6zel yer ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, bu nedir ne de\u011fildir de bu <a href=\"http:\/\/www.robertstavinsblog.org\/2018\/01\/07\/make-chinas-announcement-national-co2-trading-system\/\"><span style=\"color: #1155cc;\"><u>blog <\/u><\/span><\/a>iyi. Yamal LNG\u2019sinin ABD\u2019ye gitme ihtimali, k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve ABD\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131k deniz petrol gaz ruhsatlar\u0131 ile \u00c7in\u2019in Bitcoin madencili\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 operasyonlar\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015f.<\/p>\n<p>[EuanMearns-Blowout] <a href=\"http:\/\/euanmearns.com\/blowout-week-211\/\"><span style=\"color: #1155cc;\"><u>Ge\u00e7en hafta<\/u><\/span><\/a>,<\/p>\n<p>ABD sondaj kule say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bu hafta Haziran\u2019dan beri en y\u00fcksek seviyede olmas\u0131,<\/p>\n<p>ABD gaz stoklar\u0131n\u0131n bomb siklonu sebebiyle rekor d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc,<\/p>\n<p>Finlandiya \u00c7evre Bakan\u0131n\u0131n 2025\u2019de k\u00f6m\u00fcrs\u00fcz \u00fcretim talebi,<\/p>\n<p>eski iki Japon Ba\u015fbakan\u0131n n\u00fckleer kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve 2050 gibi t\u00fcm elektri\u011fin yenilenebilirden talep etmesi<\/p>\n<p>Inter American Kalk\u0131nma Bankas\u0131(IDB)\u2019nin 2.4 GW\u2019l\u0131k Kolombiya\u2019da Ituango santraline 1 milyar $ vermesi<\/p>\n<p>Danimarka\u2019n\u0131n 2030\u2019da 50% enerjisini(elektrik de\u011fil bence) yenilenebilirden kar\u015f\u0131lamaya yak\u0131n<\/p>\n<p>Daha fazla yenilenebilirin daha az stabil \u015febekeler oldu\u011fu (Orjinali Doktora tezi makalesi NAture Energy\u2019de)<\/p>\n<p>\u0130ngiltere yeni gaz santrali \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc 2035 i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc<\/p>\n<p>\u0130ngiltere Kuzeyde Lancashire da olduk\u00e7a \u00fcmit vaadeden \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck boyutlu\u201d \u015feyl gaz (2.7 kmlik alan)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Makale\/Yorum \u00d6zetleri<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>\u00c7in\u2019in Karbon ticaret sisteminden ne anlamal\u0131y\u0131z?<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.robertstavinsblog.org\/2018\/01\/07\/make-chinas-announcement-national-co2-trading-system\/\">http:\/\/www.robertstavinsblog.org\/2018\/01\/07\/make-chinas-announcement-national-co2-trading-system\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Robert Stavins &#8211; Harvard Kennedy School<\/p>\n<p>19 Aral\u0131k 2017\u2019de \u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fcmeti d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck karbon ticaret sistemini ba\u015flatt\u0131. Elektrik \u00fcretimi kaynakl\u0131 3.5 milyar ton karbon, AB\u2019nin ETS\u2019si 2 milyar ton. Californa\u2019n\u0131n AB32 cap-and-trade ise 400 milyon ton y\u0131ll\u0131k emisyonu kaps\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7in\u2019de \u00fcretimin %65\u2019\u00fc k\u00f6m\u00fcr, %4 r\u00fczgar, %1 g\u00fcne\u015f, 2030\u2019da enerjisinin %20si yenilenebilirden olacak ve emisyonlar\u0131 ayn\u0131 y\u0131l zirve yapacak hedefi INDC\u2019de verilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7in\u2019in a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131, t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada karbon fiyatlamas\u0131 yap\u0131lan emisyon miktar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fcresel karbon emisyonlar\u0131ndaki pay\u0131n %25\u2019ine getirdi.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7in ilk defa 2011\u2019de 2011-2015 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan 5 y\u0131ll\u0131k planda bu amac\u0131n\u0131 belirtti.<\/p>\n<p>2013-2014\u2019te 7 pilot emisyon ticaret program\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131. Toplamda 3000 kaynaktan y\u0131lda 1.4 milyar ton. Fiyatlar 3-19$\/ton aras\u0131nda idi.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7in sadece elektrik emisyonlar\u0131 ile ba\u015flayacak ve sadece karbonu d\u00fczenleyecek. AB ve California\u2019daki gibi cap-and-trade de\u011fil. Ticaret sistemi daha \u00e7ok oran tabanl\u0131 olacak, yani kWh ba\u015f\u0131na emisyon. Bu ayn\u0131 zamanda Tradable Performance Standard &#8211; Ticarete konu Performans Standard\u0131. Burada h\u00fck\u00fcmet bir standard belirliyor, buna g\u00f6re emisyon kaynaklar\u0131 elektrik \u00fcretimlerine g\u00f6re izin al\u0131yor, sonra ticaret yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Daha \u00f6nce ABD kur\u015funlu benzinin 1990\u2019larda sistemden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131, ABD araba yak\u0131t verimi CAFE, Obama d\u00f6nemi RFS (Yenilenebilir) ve California\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbon yak\u0131t standard\u0131na benziyor. Ama\u00e7 karbon piyasa \u015fokundan sekt\u00f6r\u00fc ve ekonomiyi korumak<\/p>\n<p><em>Neleri Bilmiyoruz:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Toplam izin [allowance] miktar\u0131, ve zamanla de\u011fi\u015fimi<\/li>\n<li>Ticaret ne zaman ba\u015flayacak<\/li>\n<li>\u0130zinlerin ne kadar\u0131 bedava da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lacak ne kadar\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fczayede yap\u0131lacak<\/li>\n<li>\u0130zleme ve denetim i\u00e7in ne kurallar ve cezalar olacak<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7in iklim politikalar\u0131 ile nas\u0131l etkile\u015fecek<\/li>\n<li>Di\u011fer sekt\u00f6rler nas\u0131l dahil olacak<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7inliler -tabii yaparlarsa- bu sistemi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n kalan\u0131 ile nas\u0131l etkile\u015ftirecek<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>\u0130klim zararlar\u0131na dair bir tazminat davas\u0131 neye benzer<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yalelawjournal.org\/forum\/what-litigation-of-a-climate-nuisance-suit-might-look-like\">https:\/\/www.yalelawjournal.org\/forum\/what-litigation-of-a-climate-nuisance-suit-might-look-like<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Micheal B. Gerrard, The Yale Law Journal<\/p>\n<p>A.Savunman\u0131n se\u00e7imi: E\u011fer bu zararda bir \u00e7ok ki\u015finin m\u00fcdahili oldu\u011funa karar verilirse, 3.taraf tazmini de ba\u015flar. Savunmada yer alanlar isimleri ge\u00e7meyen di\u011fer emisyon kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 da dava ederek onlarda di\u011ferlerini dava ederek i\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fcr. Daha \u00f6nce ABD\u2019de 1980 y\u0131l\u0131ndak\u0131 CERCLA ( Comprehensive Environmental Responce, Compensation, and Liability Act)\u2019e g\u00f6re at\u0131k bo\u015falt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f alanlar\u0131nda temizlenmesinde, 2., 3. Hatta 4. Grup savunmalar\u0131 da davet etti. Hatta 100\u2019lerce avukat salona s\u0131\u011fmad\u0131.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Hukuk s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131[Personal Jurisdiction] : Bir eyaletin ba\u015fka eyaletlerdeki sera gaz\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde yetkisi var m\u0131?<\/li>\n<li>Makul y\u00f6netim [Reasonableness of Conduct] Kamu zarar\u0131 sadece kabul edilemez idareden sorumlu olanlara uygulan\u0131r. 2011\u2019den \u00f6nce ABD\u2019de sera gaz\u0131n\u0131 limitleyen bir mevzuat ya da d\u00fczenleme limiti yoktu. Mesela fosil yak\u0131t kullan\u0131m\u0131 kendinden kabul edilemez bir davran\u0131\u015f m\u0131?<\/li>\n<li>\u0130zinler: Tesisler devletten izin alarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Dava a\u00e7ma s\u00fcresi: Bir \u00e7ok eyalet, ancak tazminlerde geri d\u00f6n\u00fck y\u0131l s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 uyguluyor. New York\u2019ta 3 y\u0131l \u00f6nceden itibaren zarar istenebilir.<\/li>\n<li>Mahkeme se\u00e7imi: Eyalet mi, yoksa dava a\u00e7\u0131lan \u015firketin 20 eyalette de tesisi varsa ilgilendiriyorsa? ABD d\u0131\u015f\u0131 emisyonlar<\/li>\n<li>Kapanan tesisler ne olacak? Onlar\u0131n ad\u0131na tazminat\u0131 kim \u00f6deyecek<\/li>\n<li>Tedarik zincirleri: Mesela kuyudan petrol \u00e7\u0131karmadan araba egsozundan emisyona kadar t\u00fcm zincirde kim ne kadar sorumlu. Prensip ne olacak<\/li>\n<li>Devletin y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc: E\u011fer eyalet veya ulusal h\u00fck\u00fcmet fosil yak\u0131t kullanan tesislere s\u00fcbvansiyon, arazi vs verdi ise?<\/li>\n<li>Sanayi d\u0131\u015f\u0131 emisyonlar: Mesela a\u011fa\u00e7s\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n \u00f6nemli k\u0131sm\u0131 devlet arazilerinde oluyor. O devletler de dava edilebilir mi<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>B. Di\u011fer Konular<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Sebepsellik: Belirli hava olaylar\u0131, sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131na atfedilemeyece\u011fi bir ger\u00e7ek. Hani do\u011fa olay\u0131n\u0131n sonunda kim bunu sera gaz\u0131 emisyonuna ne oranda atfedebilecek<\/li>\n<li>Toplu dava: E\u011fer sebepsellik bilinirse, di\u011fer zengin, dava a\u00e7maya de\u011fer kesimlere de dava a\u00e7\u0131labilir<\/li>\n<li>Silsile sorunu: Savunma bir davada su\u00e7lu bulunursa di\u011fer davalar\u0131 da ba\u011flar m\u0131, kazan\u0131rsa da di\u011fer kararlar\u0131 etkiler mi<\/li>\n<li>Zararlar\u0131n boyutu: Sadece ekonomik zarar m\u0131 yoksa daha az materyal zararlar da \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilir mi<\/li>\n<li>Risk kabul\u00fc: Sel riski olan yerde evi olan ve bilerek oturmaya devam edene t\u00fcm zararlar\u0131 \u00f6denir mi<\/li>\n<li>Sigorta kapsam\u0131: E\u011fer sera gaz\u0131 emisyonu sahipleri sigortan\u0131n zararlar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131 isterse<\/li>\n<li>Emisyon d\u0131\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6netim: savunmadakiler emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 r\u00fczgar santrali yat\u0131r\u0131m ile \u00f6dediyse, veya savunan k\u0131s\u0131m iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi bilimini yanl\u0131\u015f temsil etti ise [\u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k de\u011fil]<\/li>\n<li>Yeri ve konsoslidasyon: E\u011fer tazmin karar\u0131 verilirse pratikte t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyadaki emisyon kaynaklar\u0131 dava edilebilir ama nerede?<\/li>\n<li>Ke\u015fif: Davac\u0131lar \u015firketlerin daha verimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in sanayi s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine bakmak isterse veya savunma davac\u0131lar\u0131n kendilerinin de enerji kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 oldu\u011funu [emisyon sebebi olduklar\u0131n\u0131 da] ispatlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rsa<\/li>\n<li>D\u0131\u015f haks\u0131zl\u0131klar: ABD\u2019de karar \u00e7\u0131karsa, ba\u015fka bir \u00fclke vatanda\u015f\u0131 ABD mahkemelerini kullanarak dava a\u00e7abilir mi? Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 ne?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz hafta, \u00c7in\u2019in karbon piyasas\u0131, artan petrol fiyatlar\u0131, ABD\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131k deniz ruhsatlar\u0131, \u00c7in\u2019in bitcoin\u2019e operasyonlar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130ki konu \u00e7ok \u00f6nemliydi, bu konuda iki akademisyenin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine yer verdim: \u00c7in\u2019in Karbon ticaret sistemi nedir ne de\u011fildir. Di\u011feri de ABD\u2019de petrol \u015firketlerine davalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Bu hukuki olarak ne anlam ta\u015f\u0131yabilir, Yale Law Journal\u2019dan.. Bu haft OPEC ve IEA &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/barissanli.com\/eak\/2018\/01\/2018-2-hafta-degerlendirmesi\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">2018\/2 Hafta de\u011ferlendirmesi<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/barissanli.com\/eak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1675"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/barissanli.com\/eak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/barissanli.com\/eak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/barissanli.com\/eak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/barissanli.com\/eak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1675"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/barissanli.com\/eak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1675\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1678,"href":"https:\/\/barissanli.com\/eak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1675\/revisions\/1678"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/barissanli.com\/eak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1675"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/barissanli.com\/eak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1675"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/barissanli.com\/eak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1675"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}